![]() The basic elements of his definition of burnout described these experiences as to fail, wear out, or become exhausted by making excessive demands on energy, strength or resources, and can still be seen in the modern definitions of job burnout. Specifically, Freudenberger (1974) was the first to describe the concept of staff burnout. In particular, two independent researchers, Herbert Freudenberger, a psychiatrist, and Christina Maslach, a social psychologist, were the first researchers who began examining burnout. However, it was not until the mid 1970s that researchers have started investigating burnout feelings. Burnout descriptions can be found in the historical record and they appear to be apparent across different times and cultures (reports of burnout feelings can be found from the Old Testament to Shakespeare's writings) ( Kaschka et al., 2011). One of the most common psychological symptoms modern people increasingly experience is burnout, i.e., the outcome of chronic, work-related stress ( Melamed et al., 2006). Future studies should focus on utilizing more longitudinal designs in order to assess the causal relationships between these variables. Our findings revealed no conclusive overlap between burnout and depression and burnout and anxiety, indicating that they are different and robust constructs. However, moderation analysis for both burnout–depression and burnout–anxiety relationships revealed that the studies in which either the MBI test was used or were rated as having better quality showed lower effect sizes.Ĭonclusions: Our research aims to clarify the relationship between burnout–depression and burnout–anxiety relationships. ![]() Inclusion criteria were used for all studies and included both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs, published and unpublished research articles, full-text articles, articles written in the English language, studies that present the effects sizes of their findings and that used reliable research tools. Method: We searched the online databases SCOPUS, Web of Science, MEDLINE (PubMed), and Google Scholar for studies examining the relationship between burnout and depression and burnout and anxiety, which were published between January 2007 and August 2018. Additionally, given that burnout is the result of chronic stress and that working environments can often trigger anxious reactions, we also investigated the relationship between burnout and anxiety. ![]() The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the relationship between burnout and depression. ![]() However, the results so far are inconclusive and researchers disagree with regard to the degree to which we should expect such overlap. In the past years there has been disagreement on whether burnout and depression are the same or different constructs, as they appear to share some common features (e.g., loss of interest and impaired concentration).
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